Main Guidelines of Estonia’s Foreign Policy
Address by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Estonia Kristina Ojuland to the Riigikogu on behalf of the Government of Estonia, 8 June 2004
Honourable Ms. Chairman,
Respected Members of the Riigikogu,
Dear guests!
For years, this traditional overview of the main guidelines of Estonia’s foreign policy has been centred upon our nation’s endeavours to become a member of NATO and the European Union (EU). It feels especially good to stand before you today and for the first time review the foreign policy half-year now that Estonia is a member of NATO and the EU.
It has taken almost thirteen years to achieve these goals. On the one hand, this is a long period of time, which has brought forth our consummate devotion and determination, and has often required that we sacrifice our momentary concerns in the interest of long-term perspectives and goals. On the other hand, the development of independent Estonia has been fast paced. Perhaps even faster than we could have hoped for at the beginning of the 1990’s. Let us recall what was Estonia’s position in the foreign policy realm back then. Let us remember, that foreign troops departed from Estonia just ten years ago. What has been achieved by today is clear proof of the consistency and success of our foreign policy. All the Governments and the Members of the Riigikogu, that have followed the regaining of independence, have contributed to this. The success of our foreign policy has been dependent upon achieving goals, which have been established on the basis of our domestic consensus. The whole Estonian nation has worked hard in the name of success.
Those days are over, when we could be referred to as a "nation in transition". And, for the record, Estonia has never been a "former republic of the Soviet Union", since we were actually an occupied and annexed state, and the legitimacy of this annexation and occupation has never been recognized either by the Estonian people, or the democratic world.
Belonging to NATO and the EU -- which are based upon common values -- has, without a doubt, reinforced Estonia’s national security, and has thereby increased the opportunities available to both businesses and individuals. NATO guarantees our security in a manner, which was non-existent for Estonia previously. The enlargement of the EU has increased security, and the Union’s internal market is now unconditionally open to Estonian exports. Recently, there has been a marked increase in the number of inquiries presented to our diplomatic representations abroad about investment opportunities in Estonia and about Estonian produced goods. Since May 1, Estonian citizens have had free access to several European job markets, and travelling has become much simpler. And it’s nice to see, that our earnings from foreign tourists visiting Estonia are increasing.
At the same time, it’s apparent, that a secure membership in both NATO and the EU is not, for Estonian foreign policy, "the end of history", but rather, a new beginning on a completely new level. We are now in a more influential position in the world arena, and we are seated at the conference tables where essential decisions are made. Estonia’s foreign policy scope has broadened accordingly. And therefore, our commitments and responsibilities have also increased. The mission of our foreign policy will remain the ensuring of the security and welfare of the Estonian nation, its people, and its businesses. And we are now in an enhanced position to do this more successfully than ever before. But, this requires the full comprehension and recognition of foreign policy’s exact role in society.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as the co-ordinator of Estonia’s foreign policy, has a clear understanding of its role and responsibilities at this new stage, and is prepared to devote itself to carrying them out. The promoting of Estonia’s interests in the EU, the ensuring of security as a member of NATO, the developing and protecting of our economic interests -- these are matters to which the Ministry is devoting its primary resources. Being successful in NATO and the EU calls for productive bilateral relations with partners, so as to be able to jointly stand up for common interests. More than ever before, special attention is being paid to development co-operation in regions, which are significant for Estonia. Priority is being given to the rendering of various public and governmental services to our citizens, enterprises, and government agencies. Essential are also the efforts being made to increase the world’s awareness of Estonia.
In today’s address, I will concentrate upon Estonia’s new foreign policy role as a member of the EU, future developments in the EU, and our national security and foreign economic policies. I will also review Estonia’s Chairmanship of the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS), and will devote a few words to Baltic co-operation.
Honourable Members of the Riigikogu,
First of all, let us deal with developments in the European Union. Our acceding country status, which lasted for little more than a year, has given Estonian representatives the chance to adapt to and master the working methods and practices of the EU’s decision-making process. On May 1, the commissioner from Estonia, Siim Kallas, assumed his duties in the European Commission. Judges appointed from Estonia are now part of the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, as is a member from Estonia in the Court of Auditors. Representatives of Estonia’s civil society are actively involved in the European Economic and Social Committee. And representatives of Estonia’s local administrations are taking part in the work of the Committee of the Regions.
The European Parliament elections of June 13 are a new and important experience for Estonia. The choice that the people make will be especially significant, since the European Parliament’s role in the Union’s decision-making process is increasing.
Estonia would like to be a realistic, active, and positively minded EU member. It is in our interests to see that the Union, as a whole, would be economically competitive, and would have greater influence in the foreign policy sphere. The first couple of years as a full member are, without a doubt, the most difficult period of adjustment. Clearly stated priorities are, during this period, especially important. The Government’s vision of Estonia as a successful EU Member State, and of our priorities, are contained in the document The Government’s European Union Policy 2004 – 2006.
Among the EU’s internal developments, the most important one, at the moment, is the Intergovernmental Conference. Hopefully, the talks concerning the Constitutional Treaty will be concluded during the Irish Presidency. Estonia will do what it can to help find a suitable compromise for the still unsolved questions.
A trend, which we rather like, is the more distinct respect for the principle of the equality of all Member States. A major step in the right direction is the fact, that the majority of states support the concept of a team presidency in most Council formations. Estonia is still of the opinion, that in the European Commission there should be a fully warranted commissioner from each Member State. At the same time, we must also take into consideration the need for efficiency in the Commission’s work, which means, that, in the future, we may not have any choice but to deal with this matter again. As a small state, we find it necessary to again stress, that the adequate representation, in the European Parliament, of the political forces present in a Member State would be difficult, if the number of seats per state would be less than five. When it comes to the matter of the more widespread use of majority voting, we support this idea in principle, but the matter should be approached in accordance with the sphere of activity in question, and taking account the principle of subsidiarity. We find, that in sensitive fields, like taxation and social insurance, decisions should primarily be made on the national level. Estonia is prepared to accept the model of weighting of votes, which takes into consideration the interests of both big and small states.
It is essential, that the EU’s competitiveness be increased, which is why Estonia, in every way, supports the systematic implementation of the Lisbon strategy. This is the most reliable way of ensuring the stability and long-term development of Europe’s economic environment. On March 18, the Estonian Government adopted Estonia’s basic approach to the principles and priorities for formulating the EU’s next financial perspective. The European Commission’s budgetary proposals for the years 2007 – 2013 create a good foundation for making Europe more contemporary and competitive, while leaving room for the more effective utilisation of expenditures. The EU’s budget has to be used to primarily finance priority spheres and activities, in which it is possible to create clear added value at the EU level.
Dear Members of the Riigikogu,
This year, the EU has to make several important decisions concerning further enlargement. Bulgaria and Romania have set for themselves the ambitious goal of concluding their accession negotiations in 2004. The June European Council must make a decision concerning the starting of accession talks with Croatia, and the European Council in December must make a decision about Turkey. Estonia finds, that future enlargement must be based upon the same principles and criteria, that have applied until now, and which were used in the case of the states, which just acceded.
Last December, the Member States decided to establish the European Border Agency. Even before accession, Estonia had participated in various EU projects dealing with the guarding of external borders, and now, as an EU member, we would like to increase our contribution even more. With this goal in mind, Estonia has presented its candidacy to be the host of the Border Agency’s seat.
The welfare and security of the EU is dependent upon the conditions existing in the neighbouring regions. Therefore, the EU is paying ever more attention to the Neighbourhood Policy, the goal of which is the creation and reinforcing of a social and economic welfare and stability area in the proximity of its external borders. At the present time, appropriate action plans are being drawn up for the various states involved.
Within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy, Estonia’s most intensive efforts are directed at supporting reforms in Ukraine, which are meant for establishing democratic institutions and a functioning market economy. We are happy over the EU’s decision to launch the process for encompassing the states of the Southern Caucasus in the European Neighbourhood Policy. Georgia has clearly demonstrated its commitment to national renewal, and this principled political approach must be supported in every way possible. The Government has adopted an extensive action plan, formulated by the Foreign Ministry, for assisting Georgia, which would be part of the European Neighbourhood Policy and other international co-operative endeavours taking place in Georgia.
The EU is devoting ever more attention to the Middle East region. In 2003, Estonia joined the renewal of the European Union and Arab world dialogue initiative, launched by Denmark, of three Nordic and the three Baltic states’ prime ministers, which was one of the sources for the document for “Strengthening the EU’s relations with the Arab world”, that was adopted by the European Council in December 2003.
Development co-operation has become an inseparable, and ever larger part of the EU’s foreign policy. Estonia also must be ever more prepared to contribute to the assisting of poorer states and the easing of humanitarian crises. Hitherto, we have managed to demonstrate, whether by aiding Iranian earthquake victims, training Georgian officials, or supporting Finno-Ugric nationalities living in Russia, that we are a participating and trustworthy partner. Step-by-step, we must increase the amount of resources devoted to development co-operation and move closer to the EU Member States’ level. Development co-operation is not only a means for expressing our solidarity, but also a component for ensuring Estonia’s national security, that helps to increase stability and welfare in the regions being aided. In carrying out development co-operation projects, we have begun to actively make use of Estonia’s non-governmental organisations, and their role will increase in the future.
And now, a few words about Estonian and Russian relations. For Estonia, it is very important, that NATO’s relations with Russia should be constructive. We see the NATO-Russian Council (NRC) as a valuable tool for achieving this.
For Estonia, European Union-Russian relations are important. On April 27, the EU-Russian Partnership and Co-operation Agreement’s (PCA) extension protocol was signed. We hope that the Russian ratification process will proceed quickly and without difficulties. The extension of the Partnership and Co-operation Agreement, to encompass new members, will help to increase co-operation between the EU and Russia. It will also open up a new dimension within the context of the development of Estonian-Russian bilateral relations. This, in particular, has resulted in the elimination of the double customs duties in Estonian-Russian trade relations, which Russia had previously levied against Estonian goods. One should also consider the positive results of the May 21 EU-Russia summit meeting: an agreement concerning Russia’s World Trade Organisation (WTO) membership; the development of EU-Russian relations within the framework of the so-called Four Common Spaces; and Russia’s promise to ratify the Kyoto Protocol.
Estonia has been ready, within the framework of bilateral relations, to sign and ratify a draft border agreement with Russia for years now. We hope, that Russia will also achieve such readiness. At any rate, right now exist the best conditions in years for making Estonian-Russian relations more dynamic and for making better use of opportunities for developing mutual co-operation. Estonia’s relations with Russia would definitely be positively influenced by the international condemnation of the crimes committed by Communist regimes, and by Russia’s admittance of the past.
Honourable Members of the Riigikogu,
I will now deal with our national security policy. Membership in NATO and the EU brings with it a qualitative leap in the strengthening of our nation’s security, and at the same time, an increased commitment to co-operate in the ensuring of our partners’ security.
In the course of the last few years, security risks have increased in the world, and, in this context, Europe is no exception. The terror attack in Madrid was convincing proof of this. International security is continually threatened by the Middle East situation, especially by what is happening in Iraq. During the last few months, there has been an increase in the attacks against both international coalition forces and the Iraqi civilian population, which have claimed many victims. Unfortunately, this has also touched Estonia in the most tragic manner. Estonia finds, that it would be very advisable for the United Nations Security Council to adopt, in the nearest future, a new resolution concerning Iraq, for the recognition of Iraq’s Interim Government, and to more precisely define the future status of the international forces and the UN’s role after the transferring of power to the Interim Government of Iraq.
Estonia’s national security is directly linked to developments in the international security environment. The Government has adopted and sent on to the Riigikogu the National Security Concept of the Republic of Estonia (2004). This is a framework document, the purpose of which is to evaluate the nation’s security situation, and define the goals of the national security policy and the activities necessary for achieving them.
Estonia’s activities in the foreign policy sphere, for ensuring national security, rests, figuratively speaking, upon four columns, which supplement each other. These are: membership in NATO and the EU; close bilateral relations with allies, first of all, the United States; and active participation in the development of co-operation in the Baltic Sea region.
As part of the process of achieving its foreign policy goals, it is essential for Estonia to also actively participate in the work of other international organisations. At the end of May, Estonia was accepted as a member into two very important export control regimes -- The Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Australia Group. The purpose of both is to ensure that the components of possible weapons of mass destruction would not fall into the hands of undesirable end-users.
As a member of NATO, Estonia must, in every way possible, support the strengthening of the transatlantic relationship, and the strengthening of the Alliance’s capabilities. At the Istanbul summit, it will be necessary to discuss NATO capabilities and the organisation’s ability to continue to conduct essential operations, and to also talk about new co-operation initiatives and NATO’s interests generally. Besides NATO’s internal matters, in Istanbul it will also, without a doubt, be necessary to stress the Wider Middle East strategy project.
The EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) must be developed in a manner, which supports transatlantic co-operation, and excludes the duplication of defence co-operation within the NATO framework. It is clear, that the basis for an effective European security policy is a working partnership between NATO and the EU.
Estonia will continue to actively participate in international peace operations. On April 14, you ratified, in the Riigikogu, the Government’s proposal concerning the extending of participation in the Iraq mission by a year. In addition to Iraq, members of the Estonian Defence Force continue to participate in missions for ensuring peace and security in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Respected audience,
And now, let us take a look at our foreign economic policy. In connection with our European Union accession, a big change has taken place in Estonia’s foreign economic policy. Since May 1, the EU’s internal market has been, without exceptions, open to Estonian exports. Our trade relations with Russia are normalising. Our entrepreneurs’ interests and opportunities have broadened, and not only towards the EU and Russia, but also, for instance, in the direction of China. During the first quarter of this year, Estonian exports grew by one fifth.
There has been a drastic increase in the interest that foreign firms, even in rather distant nations, are showing in the opportunities that our economy can offer. But we cannot hope that such an increase in interest will be constant. Foreign economic policy will remain one of our special priorities, even in the EU. Economic contacts must be nurtured, intensified, and revitalized. And sometimes, there is the need to struggle for our trade and economic interests. We have to forcefully seek and help to create contacts for Estonian businessmen, and to make use of all available opportunities to ensure the advantages of Estonia’s favourable investment climate against ever intensifying competition, even within the EU.
One of our diplomats’ important tasks is to familiarize the rest of the world with Estonia’s advantages. To do this more efficiently, the Foreign Ministry, this year and last, evaluated the situation of our economic diplomacy, and the problems that exist, and is presently implementing the results of this evaluation. The goal is to better protect, in co-operation with various government agencies and business organisations, the interests of Estonian businessmen.
That such activity is needed, is proven by the fact, that last year alone, the Foreign Ministry, in co-operation with our embassies and Estonian businesses, managed to successfully fight for and maintain nearly two hundred million kroons worth of exports to Latvia and Lithuania. Essential is co-operation with the Chamber of Trade and Industry and the foundation Enterprise Estonia. In several countries, our diplomats work side-by-side with the representatives of the latter organisation. Since May 1, we have a new ally in the world market, in the form of the European Commission, which is prepared to stand up for our interests. But we have to determine these interests and needs ourselves and constantly deal with them. As a separate matter, it should be recalled, that in accordance with the Accession Treaty, we have to become part of the eurozone.
Accession to the EU has increased the individual’s opportunities in Europe. Estonian citizens have free access to both Ireland’s and Great Britain’s job markets. Sweden has also opened up its job market. The remainder of the Member States have decided to implement a transition period against the free flow of labour, at first for two years. We are doing everything possible to make sure that they will not extend this period. Estonia, in turn, will not implement any limitations against EU citizens in the Estonian job market.
Respected Members of the Riigikogu,
Now, a few words about foreign policy developments in the Baltic Sea region. Estonia’s year long Chairmanship of the Council of Baltic Sea States (CBSS) is drawing to a close, and only the biggest event of that term still awaits us -- the meeting of the heads of government, on June 21, in Laulasmaa.
In the course of the year long Chairmanship, Estonia dealt mostly with the need to increase the environmental protection of the Baltic Sea and maritime safety. It is extremely important, that the Baltic Sea be designated a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA). I’m happy to note, that the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has taken steps in that direction. Estonia, in every way, supports Poland’s, which will be the next state to chair the Council of the Baltic Sea States, plan to continue dealing with this matter as a priority.
Stress was also placed upon the increasing of economic co-operation. At the fifth meeting of the economic ministers of the Baltic Sea states, which took place this April, one of the important topics dealt with was the influence that the EU’s enlargement would have upon regional economic co-operation. The Tallinn Declaration, which was adopted by the ministers, underlines, that through regional co-operation it is possible to make an area more attractive for investments, to develop trade, and to support the development of small businesses.
We also presented our proposals for updating the work of the Council of Baltic Sea States, within the context of EU enlargement. Four other Council Member States also acceded to the EU. In several spheres, most co-operation now takes place within the framework of the EU.
As a member of the EU and NATO, Estonia needs functional co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, which would help to clearly bring forth the similar interests of the Baltic states. At the same time, the strength of the three states is often inadequate, so that it is necessary to make use of co-operation with Nordic states and other partners. Baltic co-operation has to be adapted to the new conditions, and its flexibility must be ensured. The reform of the structure of the Baltic Council of Ministers is directed towards reducing formalities, and facilitating participation in the changed formats of co-operation. Analogous discussions are also taking place in the parliamentary body -- the Baltic Assembly -- to update its work and structure.
Dear members of the Riigikogu,
NATO and EU accession does not mean, that the development of Estonian diplomacy has reached its final point, although some have hastily arrived at this illusory conclusion. Diplomacy is the first line for exercising independence, and for Estonia, will always remain there, even if the nation has become a member of the EU and NATO. That is how the future development of the Foreign Ministry, Estonia’s diplomatic representations abroad, and the whole Foreign Service must be viewed.
The rapid development of the network of Estonia’s diplomatic representations abroad was made possible with inexpensive and “temporary” solutions. This means, that the Foreign Service has inherited a situation in which, being faced with new goals, and EU and NATO requirements, additional investments are needed.
Right now, the Foreign Ministry has to deal with serious tasks in connection with ensuring the security of data communications, without which it is very complicated to participate in the everyday work of NATO and the EU; with ensuring the physical safety of its personnel; and with fulfilling the Schengen requirements regarding consular establishments by the year 2007.
The development plan for our diplomatic representations abroad, which was approved by the Government, needs to be implemented. Estonia has opened diplomatic representations in 28 states for promoting bilateral relations. Unfortunately, 13 of them are staffed by only one or two diplomats. The plan calls for the complementing of the representations where the existing staff cannot deal with the workload created by EU and NATO membership, or the sudden increase in consular activities. We have diplomatic representations where the consular workload has increased, during the first four months of this year, by 40 – 60%.
Other Estonian government agencies, each in accordance with its own profile, are, ever more participating in the implementation of Estonia’s foreign and security policy. A constantly greater share of the Foreign Ministry’s work is devoted to assisting their activities and providing them with technical services.
Of major significance is the smooth relationship between the Government and the Members of the Riigikogu. The changing of the Riigikogu’s European Affairs Committee into the Permanent European Union Affairs Committee is an essential step in this direction. The European Union Affairs Committee has a decisive say in the establishment of Estonia’s positions regarding the further development of the European Union, and I’m glad, that a new mechanism for communicating between the Government and the Riigikogu is functioning so well. Our relations with the Riigikogu’s Foreign Affairs Committee have also become much more thorough and functional.
I wish you success in your endeavours to develop our foreign policy, and thank you for your attention!
Honourable Ms. Chairman,
Respected Members of the Riigikogu,
Dear guests!
For years, this traditional overview of the main guidelines of Estonia’s foreign policy has been centred upon our nation’s endeavours to become a member of NATO and the European Union (EU). It feels especially good to stand before you today and for the first time review the foreign policy half-year now that Estonia is a member of NATO and the EU.
It has taken almost thirteen years to achieve these goals. On the one hand, this is a long period of time, which has brought forth our consummate devotion and determination, and has often required that we sacrifice our momentary concerns in the interest of long-term perspectives and goals. On the other hand, the development of independent Estonia has been fast paced. Perhaps even faster than we could have hoped for at the beginning of the 1990’s. Let us recall what was Estonia’s position in the foreign policy realm back then. Let us remember, that foreign troops departed from Estonia just ten years ago. What has been achieved by today is clear proof of the consistency and success of our foreign policy. All the Governments and the Members of the Riigikogu, that have followed the regaining of independence, have contributed to this. The success of our foreign policy has been dependent upon achieving goals, which have been established on the basis of our domestic consensus. The whole Estonian nation has worked hard in the name of success.
Those days are over, when we could be referred to as a "nation in transition". And, for the record, Estonia has never been a "former republic of the Soviet Union", since we were actually an occupied and annexed state, and the legitimacy of this annexation and occupation has never been recognized either by the Estonian people, or the democratic world.
Belonging to NATO and the EU -- which are based upon common values -- has, without a doubt, reinforced Estonia’s national security, and has thereby increased the opportunities available to both businesses and individuals. NATO guarantees our security in a manner, which was non-existent for Estonia previously. The enlargement of the EU has increased security, and the Union’s internal market is now unconditionally open to Estonian exports. Recently, there has been a marked increase in the number of inquiries presented to our diplomatic representations abroad about investment opportunities in Estonia and about Estonian produced goods. Since May 1, Estonian citizens have had free access to several European job markets, and travelling has become much simpler. And it’s nice to see, that our earnings from foreign tourists visiting Estonia are increasing.
At the same time, it’s apparent, that a secure membership in both NATO and the EU is not, for Estonian foreign policy, "the end of history", but rather, a new beginning on a completely new level. We are now in a more influential position in the world arena, and we are seated at the conference tables where essential decisions are made. Estonia’s foreign policy scope has broadened accordingly. And therefore, our commitments and responsibilities have also increased. The mission of our foreign policy will remain the ensuring of the security and welfare of the Estonian nation, its people, and its businesses. And we are now in an enhanced position to do this more successfully than ever before. But, this requires the full comprehension and recognition of foreign policy’s exact role in society.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as the co-ordinator of Estonia’s foreign policy, has a clear understanding of its role and responsibilities at this new stage, and is prepared to devote itself to carrying them out. The promoting of Estonia’s interests in the EU, the ensuring of security as a member of NATO, the developing and protecting of our economic interests -- these are matters to which the Ministry is devoting its primary resources. Being successful in NATO and the EU calls for productive bilateral relations with partners, so as to be able to jointly stand up for common interests. More than ever before, special attention is being paid to development co-operation in regions, which are significant for Estonia. Priority is being given to the rendering of various public and governmental services to our citizens, enterprises, and government agencies. Essential are also the efforts being made to increase the world’s awareness of Estonia.
In today’s address, I will concentrate upon Estonia’s new foreign policy role as a member of the EU, future developments in the EU, and our national security and foreign economic policies. I will also review Estonia’s Chairmanship of the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS), and will devote a few words to Baltic co-operation.
Honourable Members of the Riigikogu,
First of all, let us deal with developments in the European Union. Our acceding country status, which lasted for little more than a year, has given Estonian representatives the chance to adapt to and master the working methods and practices of the EU’s decision-making process. On May 1, the commissioner from Estonia, Siim Kallas, assumed his duties in the European Commission. Judges appointed from Estonia are now part of the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, as is a member from Estonia in the Court of Auditors. Representatives of Estonia’s civil society are actively involved in the European Economic and Social Committee. And representatives of Estonia’s local administrations are taking part in the work of the Committee of the Regions.
The European Parliament elections of June 13 are a new and important experience for Estonia. The choice that the people make will be especially significant, since the European Parliament’s role in the Union’s decision-making process is increasing.
Estonia would like to be a realistic, active, and positively minded EU member. It is in our interests to see that the Union, as a whole, would be economically competitive, and would have greater influence in the foreign policy sphere. The first couple of years as a full member are, without a doubt, the most difficult period of adjustment. Clearly stated priorities are, during this period, especially important. The Government’s vision of Estonia as a successful EU Member State, and of our priorities, are contained in the document The Government’s European Union Policy 2004 – 2006.
Among the EU’s internal developments, the most important one, at the moment, is the Intergovernmental Conference. Hopefully, the talks concerning the Constitutional Treaty will be concluded during the Irish Presidency. Estonia will do what it can to help find a suitable compromise for the still unsolved questions.
A trend, which we rather like, is the more distinct respect for the principle of the equality of all Member States. A major step in the right direction is the fact, that the majority of states support the concept of a team presidency in most Council formations. Estonia is still of the opinion, that in the European Commission there should be a fully warranted commissioner from each Member State. At the same time, we must also take into consideration the need for efficiency in the Commission’s work, which means, that, in the future, we may not have any choice but to deal with this matter again. As a small state, we find it necessary to again stress, that the adequate representation, in the European Parliament, of the political forces present in a Member State would be difficult, if the number of seats per state would be less than five. When it comes to the matter of the more widespread use of majority voting, we support this idea in principle, but the matter should be approached in accordance with the sphere of activity in question, and taking account the principle of subsidiarity. We find, that in sensitive fields, like taxation and social insurance, decisions should primarily be made on the national level. Estonia is prepared to accept the model of weighting of votes, which takes into consideration the interests of both big and small states.
It is essential, that the EU’s competitiveness be increased, which is why Estonia, in every way, supports the systematic implementation of the Lisbon strategy. This is the most reliable way of ensuring the stability and long-term development of Europe’s economic environment. On March 18, the Estonian Government adopted Estonia’s basic approach to the principles and priorities for formulating the EU’s next financial perspective. The European Commission’s budgetary proposals for the years 2007 – 2013 create a good foundation for making Europe more contemporary and competitive, while leaving room for the more effective utilisation of expenditures. The EU’s budget has to be used to primarily finance priority spheres and activities, in which it is possible to create clear added value at the EU level.
Dear Members of the Riigikogu,
This year, the EU has to make several important decisions concerning further enlargement. Bulgaria and Romania have set for themselves the ambitious goal of concluding their accession negotiations in 2004. The June European Council must make a decision concerning the starting of accession talks with Croatia, and the European Council in December must make a decision about Turkey. Estonia finds, that future enlargement must be based upon the same principles and criteria, that have applied until now, and which were used in the case of the states, which just acceded.
Last December, the Member States decided to establish the European Border Agency. Even before accession, Estonia had participated in various EU projects dealing with the guarding of external borders, and now, as an EU member, we would like to increase our contribution even more. With this goal in mind, Estonia has presented its candidacy to be the host of the Border Agency’s seat.
The welfare and security of the EU is dependent upon the conditions existing in the neighbouring regions. Therefore, the EU is paying ever more attention to the Neighbourhood Policy, the goal of which is the creation and reinforcing of a social and economic welfare and stability area in the proximity of its external borders. At the present time, appropriate action plans are being drawn up for the various states involved.
Within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy, Estonia’s most intensive efforts are directed at supporting reforms in Ukraine, which are meant for establishing democratic institutions and a functioning market economy. We are happy over the EU’s decision to launch the process for encompassing the states of the Southern Caucasus in the European Neighbourhood Policy. Georgia has clearly demonstrated its commitment to national renewal, and this principled political approach must be supported in every way possible. The Government has adopted an extensive action plan, formulated by the Foreign Ministry, for assisting Georgia, which would be part of the European Neighbourhood Policy and other international co-operative endeavours taking place in Georgia.
The EU is devoting ever more attention to the Middle East region. In 2003, Estonia joined the renewal of the European Union and Arab world dialogue initiative, launched by Denmark, of three Nordic and the three Baltic states’ prime ministers, which was one of the sources for the document for “Strengthening the EU’s relations with the Arab world”, that was adopted by the European Council in December 2003.
Development co-operation has become an inseparable, and ever larger part of the EU’s foreign policy. Estonia also must be ever more prepared to contribute to the assisting of poorer states and the easing of humanitarian crises. Hitherto, we have managed to demonstrate, whether by aiding Iranian earthquake victims, training Georgian officials, or supporting Finno-Ugric nationalities living in Russia, that we are a participating and trustworthy partner. Step-by-step, we must increase the amount of resources devoted to development co-operation and move closer to the EU Member States’ level. Development co-operation is not only a means for expressing our solidarity, but also a component for ensuring Estonia’s national security, that helps to increase stability and welfare in the regions being aided. In carrying out development co-operation projects, we have begun to actively make use of Estonia’s non-governmental organisations, and their role will increase in the future.
And now, a few words about Estonian and Russian relations. For Estonia, it is very important, that NATO’s relations with Russia should be constructive. We see the NATO-Russian Council (NRC) as a valuable tool for achieving this.
For Estonia, European Union-Russian relations are important. On April 27, the EU-Russian Partnership and Co-operation Agreement’s (PCA) extension protocol was signed. We hope that the Russian ratification process will proceed quickly and without difficulties. The extension of the Partnership and Co-operation Agreement, to encompass new members, will help to increase co-operation between the EU and Russia. It will also open up a new dimension within the context of the development of Estonian-Russian bilateral relations. This, in particular, has resulted in the elimination of the double customs duties in Estonian-Russian trade relations, which Russia had previously levied against Estonian goods. One should also consider the positive results of the May 21 EU-Russia summit meeting: an agreement concerning Russia’s World Trade Organisation (WTO) membership; the development of EU-Russian relations within the framework of the so-called Four Common Spaces; and Russia’s promise to ratify the Kyoto Protocol.
Estonia has been ready, within the framework of bilateral relations, to sign and ratify a draft border agreement with Russia for years now. We hope, that Russia will also achieve such readiness. At any rate, right now exist the best conditions in years for making Estonian-Russian relations more dynamic and for making better use of opportunities for developing mutual co-operation. Estonia’s relations with Russia would definitely be positively influenced by the international condemnation of the crimes committed by Communist regimes, and by Russia’s admittance of the past.
Honourable Members of the Riigikogu,
I will now deal with our national security policy. Membership in NATO and the EU brings with it a qualitative leap in the strengthening of our nation’s security, and at the same time, an increased commitment to co-operate in the ensuring of our partners’ security.
In the course of the last few years, security risks have increased in the world, and, in this context, Europe is no exception. The terror attack in Madrid was convincing proof of this. International security is continually threatened by the Middle East situation, especially by what is happening in Iraq. During the last few months, there has been an increase in the attacks against both international coalition forces and the Iraqi civilian population, which have claimed many victims. Unfortunately, this has also touched Estonia in the most tragic manner. Estonia finds, that it would be very advisable for the United Nations Security Council to adopt, in the nearest future, a new resolution concerning Iraq, for the recognition of Iraq’s Interim Government, and to more precisely define the future status of the international forces and the UN’s role after the transferring of power to the Interim Government of Iraq.
Estonia’s national security is directly linked to developments in the international security environment. The Government has adopted and sent on to the Riigikogu the National Security Concept of the Republic of Estonia (2004). This is a framework document, the purpose of which is to evaluate the nation’s security situation, and define the goals of the national security policy and the activities necessary for achieving them.
Estonia’s activities in the foreign policy sphere, for ensuring national security, rests, figuratively speaking, upon four columns, which supplement each other. These are: membership in NATO and the EU; close bilateral relations with allies, first of all, the United States; and active participation in the development of co-operation in the Baltic Sea region.
As part of the process of achieving its foreign policy goals, it is essential for Estonia to also actively participate in the work of other international organisations. At the end of May, Estonia was accepted as a member into two very important export control regimes -- The Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Australia Group. The purpose of both is to ensure that the components of possible weapons of mass destruction would not fall into the hands of undesirable end-users.
As a member of NATO, Estonia must, in every way possible, support the strengthening of the transatlantic relationship, and the strengthening of the Alliance’s capabilities. At the Istanbul summit, it will be necessary to discuss NATO capabilities and the organisation’s ability to continue to conduct essential operations, and to also talk about new co-operation initiatives and NATO’s interests generally. Besides NATO’s internal matters, in Istanbul it will also, without a doubt, be necessary to stress the Wider Middle East strategy project.
The EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) must be developed in a manner, which supports transatlantic co-operation, and excludes the duplication of defence co-operation within the NATO framework. It is clear, that the basis for an effective European security policy is a working partnership between NATO and the EU.
Estonia will continue to actively participate in international peace operations. On April 14, you ratified, in the Riigikogu, the Government’s proposal concerning the extending of participation in the Iraq mission by a year. In addition to Iraq, members of the Estonian Defence Force continue to participate in missions for ensuring peace and security in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Respected audience,
And now, let us take a look at our foreign economic policy. In connection with our European Union accession, a big change has taken place in Estonia’s foreign economic policy. Since May 1, the EU’s internal market has been, without exceptions, open to Estonian exports. Our trade relations with Russia are normalising. Our entrepreneurs’ interests and opportunities have broadened, and not only towards the EU and Russia, but also, for instance, in the direction of China. During the first quarter of this year, Estonian exports grew by one fifth.
There has been a drastic increase in the interest that foreign firms, even in rather distant nations, are showing in the opportunities that our economy can offer. But we cannot hope that such an increase in interest will be constant. Foreign economic policy will remain one of our special priorities, even in the EU. Economic contacts must be nurtured, intensified, and revitalized. And sometimes, there is the need to struggle for our trade and economic interests. We have to forcefully seek and help to create contacts for Estonian businessmen, and to make use of all available opportunities to ensure the advantages of Estonia’s favourable investment climate against ever intensifying competition, even within the EU.
One of our diplomats’ important tasks is to familiarize the rest of the world with Estonia’s advantages. To do this more efficiently, the Foreign Ministry, this year and last, evaluated the situation of our economic diplomacy, and the problems that exist, and is presently implementing the results of this evaluation. The goal is to better protect, in co-operation with various government agencies and business organisations, the interests of Estonian businessmen.
That such activity is needed, is proven by the fact, that last year alone, the Foreign Ministry, in co-operation with our embassies and Estonian businesses, managed to successfully fight for and maintain nearly two hundred million kroons worth of exports to Latvia and Lithuania. Essential is co-operation with the Chamber of Trade and Industry and the foundation Enterprise Estonia. In several countries, our diplomats work side-by-side with the representatives of the latter organisation. Since May 1, we have a new ally in the world market, in the form of the European Commission, which is prepared to stand up for our interests. But we have to determine these interests and needs ourselves and constantly deal with them. As a separate matter, it should be recalled, that in accordance with the Accession Treaty, we have to become part of the eurozone.
Accession to the EU has increased the individual’s opportunities in Europe. Estonian citizens have free access to both Ireland’s and Great Britain’s job markets. Sweden has also opened up its job market. The remainder of the Member States have decided to implement a transition period against the free flow of labour, at first for two years. We are doing everything possible to make sure that they will not extend this period. Estonia, in turn, will not implement any limitations against EU citizens in the Estonian job market.
Respected Members of the Riigikogu,
Now, a few words about foreign policy developments in the Baltic Sea region. Estonia’s year long Chairmanship of the Council of Baltic Sea States (CBSS) is drawing to a close, and only the biggest event of that term still awaits us -- the meeting of the heads of government, on June 21, in Laulasmaa.
In the course of the year long Chairmanship, Estonia dealt mostly with the need to increase the environmental protection of the Baltic Sea and maritime safety. It is extremely important, that the Baltic Sea be designated a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA). I’m happy to note, that the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has taken steps in that direction. Estonia, in every way, supports Poland’s, which will be the next state to chair the Council of the Baltic Sea States, plan to continue dealing with this matter as a priority.
Stress was also placed upon the increasing of economic co-operation. At the fifth meeting of the economic ministers of the Baltic Sea states, which took place this April, one of the important topics dealt with was the influence that the EU’s enlargement would have upon regional economic co-operation. The Tallinn Declaration, which was adopted by the ministers, underlines, that through regional co-operation it is possible to make an area more attractive for investments, to develop trade, and to support the development of small businesses.
We also presented our proposals for updating the work of the Council of Baltic Sea States, within the context of EU enlargement. Four other Council Member States also acceded to the EU. In several spheres, most co-operation now takes place within the framework of the EU.
As a member of the EU and NATO, Estonia needs functional co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, which would help to clearly bring forth the similar interests of the Baltic states. At the same time, the strength of the three states is often inadequate, so that it is necessary to make use of co-operation with Nordic states and other partners. Baltic co-operation has to be adapted to the new conditions, and its flexibility must be ensured. The reform of the structure of the Baltic Council of Ministers is directed towards reducing formalities, and facilitating participation in the changed formats of co-operation. Analogous discussions are also taking place in the parliamentary body -- the Baltic Assembly -- to update its work and structure.
Dear members of the Riigikogu,
NATO and EU accession does not mean, that the development of Estonian diplomacy has reached its final point, although some have hastily arrived at this illusory conclusion. Diplomacy is the first line for exercising independence, and for Estonia, will always remain there, even if the nation has become a member of the EU and NATO. That is how the future development of the Foreign Ministry, Estonia’s diplomatic representations abroad, and the whole Foreign Service must be viewed.
The rapid development of the network of Estonia’s diplomatic representations abroad was made possible with inexpensive and “temporary” solutions. This means, that the Foreign Service has inherited a situation in which, being faced with new goals, and EU and NATO requirements, additional investments are needed.
Right now, the Foreign Ministry has to deal with serious tasks in connection with ensuring the security of data communications, without which it is very complicated to participate in the everyday work of NATO and the EU; with ensuring the physical safety of its personnel; and with fulfilling the Schengen requirements regarding consular establishments by the year 2007.
The development plan for our diplomatic representations abroad, which was approved by the Government, needs to be implemented. Estonia has opened diplomatic representations in 28 states for promoting bilateral relations. Unfortunately, 13 of them are staffed by only one or two diplomats. The plan calls for the complementing of the representations where the existing staff cannot deal with the workload created by EU and NATO membership, or the sudden increase in consular activities. We have diplomatic representations where the consular workload has increased, during the first four months of this year, by 40 – 60%.
Other Estonian government agencies, each in accordance with its own profile, are, ever more participating in the implementation of Estonia’s foreign and security policy. A constantly greater share of the Foreign Ministry’s work is devoted to assisting their activities and providing them with technical services.
Of major significance is the smooth relationship between the Government and the Members of the Riigikogu. The changing of the Riigikogu’s European Affairs Committee into the Permanent European Union Affairs Committee is an essential step in this direction. The European Union Affairs Committee has a decisive say in the establishment of Estonia’s positions regarding the further development of the European Union, and I’m glad, that a new mechanism for communicating between the Government and the Riigikogu is functioning so well. Our relations with the Riigikogu’s Foreign Affairs Committee have also become much more thorough and functional.
I wish you success in your endeavours to develop our foreign policy, and thank you for your attention!
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